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交通部


交通部文件

交公路发[2002]323号

关于印发《汽车维修市场整顿工作方案》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市交通厅(局、委)：

随着我国经济的快速增长和人民生活水平的日益提高，汽车保有量大幅增长，汽车维修行业对国民经济和人民生活发挥越来越重要的作用。但是，当前汽车维修市场存在着一些突出的问题，如，无证无照经营，维修作业不规范，偷工减料，使用假冒伪劣配件，收费价格混乱，从业人员素质低，服务意识差等。这些问题虽然发生在部分地方和企业，但多次被媒体曝光，在社会上造成严重影响，损害了汽车维修行业的整体形象。

为了进一步规范汽车维修市场秩序，提高汽车维修质量和服务质量，切实为社会提供方便及时、优质可靠、价格合理的汽车维修服务，维护用户的合法权益，根据国务院关于整顿和规范市场经济秩序有关文件精神，针对当前汽车维修市场存在的问题，部决定对全国汽车维修市场进行专项整顿。现将《汽车维修市场整顿工作方案》印发给你们，请遵照执行，并将整顿工作中出现的新情况、新问题，及时报部。

中华人民共和国交通部（章）

二○○二年七月二十四日


汽车维修市场整顿工作方案



一、整顿工作的指导思想和总体目标

整顿工作的指导思想是：以江泽民总书记三个代表重要思想为指导，按照国务院《关于整顿和规范市场经济秩序的决定》的要求和交通部关于整顿规范交通运输市场秩序的总体部署，针对当前汽车维修市场存在的突出问题，加大汽车维修市场监控力度，依法取缔无证经营；整顿经营条件不达标和经营不规范企业；建立诚信机制，完善行规行约，严厉打击欺诈行为；强化维修质量监管，重点打击使用假冒伪劣配件维修车辆的行为，树立规范作业意识；加强管理和执法队伍建设，推进依法行政，文明执法。

整顿工作的总体目标是：通过专项整顿，取缔非法经营，一、二类企业经营条件全部达标，维修企业的质量检验人员100%持证上岗，维修质量明显好转，使用假冒伪劣配件得到遏制，维修质量投诉率在千分之一以下，汽车维修市场秩序明显好转，汽车维修行业形象明显改观。

二、 整顿工作的主要内容和具体措施

1、严格审核维修企业经营条件和维修人员从业资格，把好市场准入关

交通部门要对汽车维修企业生产经营条件进行一次全面审核。对于达不到国家标准《汽车维修业开业条件》要求，存在内部管理制度不健全，经营管理不善，技术标准和技术资料无法满足维修工作需要，安全生产和维修质量不符合要求等问题的企业，要限期进行整改，问题严重的，要实行停业整顿。对于整改效果不明显，逾期仍不达标的，要强制其退出市场，并提请工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。

要加大对汽车维修从业人员的培训力度，按照部组织编制的《汽车维修工上岗培训教材》，对汽车维修从业人员进行岗前培训，强化法律法规、职业道德教育。对汽车维修企业质量检验员、汽车安全部件维修人员，要严格按部颁培训大纲要求进行专项培训，经考试合格持证上岗。从事营运车辆二级维护作业的人员都应接受《汽车维护、检测、诊断技术规范》（GB/T18344-2001）的专项培训。

2、取缔非法经营，建立良好的市场经济秩序

从事汽车维修经营的业户必须经过交通主管部门审批，领取道路运输经营许可证，并按照核定的范围进行经营活动。对未按规定办理合法手续从事维修经营的，要坚决予以取缔，切实保护守法经营者的正当权益。同时，要与有关部门配合,重点打击非法占用道路或公共场所进行维修作业的行为。禁止以免费安装配件为名变相非法从事汽车维修作业。

3、打击欺诈和违规行为，维护车主合法权益

对于虚报维修作业项目、只收费不维修、偷换汽车零部件、随意抬高工时单价、不按技术规范作业，作业中漏项或减项、采用虚假广告招揽生意等欺骗、坑害用户的恶劣行径，道路运政管理机构一经查实，应按有关规定实施严厉处罚，并追究企业负责人和直接责任者的责任。

要加大对汽车维修企业维修配件的监管力度，将涉及安全、环保的关键零部件列为重点检查范围，严格禁止汽车维修企业使用假冒伪劣配件维修车辆；对使用假冒伪劣配件维修车辆的维修企业,应按有关规定予以处罚，并进行通报。

要引导企业建立诚信机制，并创造条件方便社会和车主监督。对未按规定悬挂统一的“汽车维修企业标志牌”的维修企业，应责令其限期悬挂。维修企业应将收费项目、工时定额、工时单价公开，以提高收费行为的透明度。维修企业有责任提请车主共同签订维修合同，以确保承托修双方的合法权益。

4、加强管理队伍建设，做到依法行政，文明执法

各级交通主管部门和道路运政管理机构要切实履行汽车维修市场管理职责，配备精干队伍实施对机动车维修市场的监管工作。在管理工作中，应做到依法行政，文明执法，强化服务意识，公开工作程序，要逐步采用计算机和信息网络等先进管理手段，提高工作效率，增强工作透明度，健全用户投诉制度，接受社会监督。对于在工作中严重失职、渎职或暗箱操作等行为，按有关规定严肃处理。

三、整顿工作的安排与要求

整顿工作自2002年8月1日起至2003年7月31日结束。整顿工作分为动员准备、组织实施、检查总结三个阶段进行。

1、动员准备阶段。自2002年8月1日起至9月30日止。主要做好三项工作：一是组建工作机构，同时要争取政府支持和有关部门配合，增强工作力度，形成强有力的领导体系和组织网络；二是研究制订切合本地实际的汽车维修市场整顿实施方案，并于2002年9月底前报部；三是组织宣传动员，发动道路运政管理机构和维修企业，认真理解和深刻领会整顿工作的目标、任务和内容，积极参加专项整顿，同时，加强对社会的宣传工作，形成良好的舆论和社会氛围。通过工作，从组织上、制度上、思想上保证汽车维修市场整顿工作顺利开展。

2、组织实施阶段。自2002年10月1日起至2003年5月31日止。各地应当抓紧实施整顿方案，基本完成整顿工作，对整顿中发现的问题，要及时进行有针对性的整改，力求取得明显效果。

在此阶段，部将组织检查组或采取地方交通部门相互检查的方式，对整顿工作开展情况进行检查。对于工作开展不力的地方，将通报批评。

3、检查总结阶段。自2003年 6月1日起至 7月31日止。各省级交通主管部门应安排在 7月份对汽车维修市场整顿情况进行一次全面检查，在 7月底前，将本地开展汽车维修市场整顿工作总结书面材料报部。

全国人民代表大会常务委员会


中华人民共和国律师暂行条例(附英文)
全国人大常委会



（一九八0年八月二十六日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通议）

目 录

第一章 律师的任务和权利
第二章 律师资格
第三章 律师的工作机构
第四章 附则

第一章 律师的任务和权利
第一条 律师是国家的法律工作者，其任务是对国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社和公民提供法律帮助，以维护法律的正确实施，维护国家、集体的利益和公民的合法权益。
第二条 律师的主要业务如下：
（一）接受国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社的聘请，担任法律顾问。
（二）接受民事案件当事人的委托，担任代理人参加诉讼。
（三）接受刑事案件被告人的委托或者人民法院的指定，担任辩护人；接受自诉案件自诉人、公诉案件被害人及其近亲属的委托，担任代理人，参加诉讼。
（四）接受非诉讼事件当事人的委托，提供法律帮助，或者担任代理人，参加调解、仲裁活动。
（五）解答关于法律的询问，代写诉讼文书和其它有关法律事务的文书。
律师应当通过全部业务活动，宣传社会主义法制。
第三条 律师进行业务活动，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，忠实于社会主义事业和人民的利益。
律师依法执行职务，受国家法律保护，任何单位、个人不得干涉。
第四条 律师担任法律顾问的责任，是为聘请单位就业务上的法律问题提供意见，草拟、审查法律事务文书，代理参加诉讼、调解或者仲裁活动，维护聘请单位的合法权益。
第五条 律师担任诉讼和非诉讼事件代理人的责任，是在所受委托的权限内，维护委托人的合法权益。
律师在代理权限内的诉讼行为和法律行为，与委托人自己的诉讼行为和法律行为有同等效力。
第六条 律师担任刑事辩护人的责任，是根据事实和法律，维护被告人的合法权益。
律师认为被告人没有如实陈述案情，有权拒绝担任辩护人。
第七条 律师参加诉讼活动，有权依照有关规定，查阅本案材料，向有关单位、个人调查。律师担任刑事辩护人时，可以同在押的被告人会见和通信。
律师进行前款所列活动，有关单位、个人有责任给予支持。
律师对于在业务活动中接触的国家机密和个人阴私，有保守秘密的责任。

第二章 律师资格
第八条 热爱中华人民共和国，拥护社会主义制度，有选举权和被选举权的下列公民，经考核合格，可以取得律师资格，担任律师：
（一）在高等院校法律专业毕业，并且做过两年以上司法工作、法律教学工作或者法学研究工作的；
（二）受过法律专业训练，并且担任过人民法院审判、人民检察院检察员的；
（三）受过高等教育，做过三年以上经济、科技等工作，熟悉本专业以及与本专业有关的法律、法令，并且经过法律专业训练，适合从事律师工作的；
（四）其他具有本条第（一）项或第（二）项所列人员的法律业务水平，并具有高等学校文化水平，适合从事律师工作的。
第九条 取得律师资格，须经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，发给律师证书，并报中华人民共和国司法部备案。司法部发现审批不当的，应当通知司法厅（局）重新审查。
第十条 取得律师资格的人员不能脱离本职的，可以担任兼职律师。兼职律师所在单位应当给予支持。
人民法院、人民检察院、人民公安机关的现职人员不得兼做律师工作。
第十一条 高等院校法律专业毕业生或者经过法律专业训练的人员，经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，可以担任实习律师。
实习律师的实习期为两年。实习期满，依照本条例第九条规定的程序，授予律师资格；考核不合格的，可以延长其实习期。
第十二条 律师严重不称职的，得经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）决定，报司法部批准，取消其律师资格。

第三章 律师的工作机构
第十三条 律师执行职务的工作机构是法律顾问处。
法律顾问处是事业单位。受国家司法行政机关的组织领导和业务监督。
第十四条 法律顾问处按县、市、市辖区设立。必要时，经司法部批准，可以设立专业性的法律顾问处。
法律顾问处之间没有隶属关系。
第十五条 法律顾问处的主要任务，是领导律师开展业务工作，组织律师学习政治和法律业务知识，总结、交流律师的工作经验。
第十六条 法律顾问处设主任一人，根据需要，可以设副主任。主任、副主任均由本处律师选举产生，报经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）批准，任期为三年，连选得连任。
法律顾问处主任、副主任领导法律顾问处的工作，并且必须执行律师职务。
第十七条 律师承办业务，由法律顾问处统一接受委托，并且统一收费。
法律顾问处给律师分配任务，应当根据实际条件尽量满足委托人的指名要求。
第十八条 法律顾问处可以指派律师到外地进行业务活动，当地法律顾问处应当给予帮助。
第十九条 为维护律师的合法权益，交流工作经验，促进律师工作的开展，增进国内外法律工作者的联系，建立律师协会。
律师协会是社会团体。组织章程由律师协会制订。

第四章 附 则
第二十条 律师职称标准、律师奖惩规定和律师收费办法，由司法部另行制订。
第二十一条 本条例自一九八二年一月一日起施行。


Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON LAWYERS
(Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 5 of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on August 26, 1980,
and effective as of January 1, 1982)

Contents

Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers
Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers
Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers

Article 1
Lawyers are state legal workers whose task is to give legal assistance to
state organs, enterprises and institutions, public organizations, people's
communes and citizens in order to ensure the correct implementation of the
law and protect the interests of the state and collectives as well as the
lawful rights and interests of citizens.
Article 2
The principal duties of lawyers shall be:
(1) to accept the mandate of state organs, enterprises and institutions,
public organizations and people's communes to serve as their legal
advisers;
(2) to accept the mandate of a party to a civil action to serve as his
representative in litigation;
(3) to accept the mandate of a defendant or the assignment of a people's
court to serve as his defender in a criminal case; to accept the mandate
of a private prosecutor or of the victim and his near relatives in a
public prosecution to serve as their representative in litigation;
(4) to accept the mandate of a party in a nonlitigious matter to give
legal assistance or serve as its representative in mediation or
arbitration;
(5) to give consultative advice on legal questions and draft documents in
connection with litigation or other legal matters.
Lawyers shall publicize the socialist legal system through all their
professional activities.
Article 3
In performing their duties, lawyers shall serve the cause of socialism and
the interests of the people, act on the basis of facts and take the law as
the criterion. In the performance of their functions according to law,
lawyers shall be protected by the law of the state, subject to no
interference by any organization or individual.
Article 4
When being retained by an organization as its legal adviser, a lawyer
shall have the responsibility to give advice on legal questions arising
from the client organization, draft and examine legal documents for it,
represent it in litigation, mediation or arbitration, and safeguard its
lawful rights and interests.
Article 5
When acting as representatives in litigation and nonlitigious matters,
lawyers shall have the responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and
interests of the client within the scope of the mandate.
Within the scope of the mandate, the lawyer's procedural and legal acts
shall have the same effect as those of the client.

Article 6
When acting as defenders in criminal cases, lawyers shall have the
responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the
defendants on the basis of facts and the law. A lawyer may refuse to act
as the defender of a defendant if he believes that the defendant has not
truthfully stated the facts of the case to him.
Article 7
In legal proceedings, lawyers shall have the right, to consult the
materials of the case and may make enquiries from organizations and
persons concerned in accordance with relevant regulations. When acting as
defenders in criminal cases, lawyers may meet and correspond with the
defendants held in custody.
The organizations and persons concerned shall have the duty to render
assistance to the lawyers engaged in the activities mentioned in the
preceding paragraph. Lawyers shall have the responsibility to keep
confidential state secrets and matters of personal privacy which they come
into contact with in their work.

Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers

Article 8
The undermentioned citizens who cherish the People's Republic of China,
support the socialist system and have the right to vote and stand for
election shall be eligible as lawyers after passing an examination:
(1) those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or
colleges and have been engaged for two or more years in judicial work,
legal instruction or jurisprudential studies;
(2) those who have had professional legal training and have worked as
judges in people's court or as procurators in people's procuratorates;
(3) those who have received college education, have completed three or
more years of economic, scientific and technological work, are proficient
in their professions and the relevant laws and decrees thereof, and have
gone through professional legal training and who are fit for the work of a
lawyer; and
(4) those who have attained the same level of knowledge of practical legal
work as is required of persons prescribed in Items (1) and (2) above and
the same level of learning as is given by college education and who are
fit for the work of a lawyer.
Article 9
To be eligible as a lawyer, a person must be examined and approved by the
judicial department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government and issued a lawyer's
certificate, and a report shall be made to the Ministry of Justice of the
People's Republic of China for the record. Upon discovery of an improper
examination and approval, the Ministry of Justice shall instruct the
relevant judicial department (bureau) to conduct a reexamination.
Article 10
Those who are eligible as lawyers but are unable to leave their present
positions to practise law may act as part-time lawyers. The current
organizations in which they are working shall support such arrangements.
Personnel presently attached to the people's courts, people's
procuratorates and people's public security organs may not act as part-
time lawyers.
Article 11
Those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or colleges or
have gone through professional legal training may act as apprentice
lawyers after examination and approval by the judicial departments
(bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly
under the Central Government.
The training period for apprentice lawyers shall be two years. Upon
completion of the training period, apprentice lawyers shall be given
lawyers credentials in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Article
9 of these Regulations; the training period may be extended if an
apprentice lawyer fails to pass the examination.
Article 12
Lawyers who are incompetent shall be disqualified as lawyers by decision
of the judicial departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government and with the approval
of the Ministry of Justice.

Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers

Article 13
Legal advisory offices shall be the business organizations from which
lawyers perform their duties.
Legal advisory offices shall be public institutions under the
organizational leadership and professional supervision of the judicial
administrative organs of the state.
Article 14
Legal advisory offices shall be established in counties, cities and
municipal districts. When necessary, specialized legal advisory offices
may be established with the approval of the Ministry of Justice.
Legal advisory offices shall not be subordinate to one another.
Article 15
The principal functions of a legal advisory office shall be to direct
lawyers in the development of their professional work, to organize their
political studies and professional studies in law and to sum up and
exchange their work experience.
Article 16
A legal advisory office shall have one director and may have deputy
directors where necessary. The director and deputy directors shall be
elected by the lawyers in that office, subject to approval by the judicial
department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or municipality
directly under the Central Government. They shall be elected for a term of
three years and may be re-elected to successive terms in office. The
director and deputy director(s) of a legal advisory office shall direct
the work of the office and at the same time perform their duties as
lawyers.
Article 17
The mandates for lawyers to handle cases shall be accepted and service
fees collected exclusively by the legal advisory office.
In the distribution of cases to lawyers, the legal advisory office shall,
as best as possible and according to actual conditions, assign lawyers as
requested by clients.
Article 18
A legal advisory office may appoint lawyers to carry out professional
activities in other localities, and the legal advisory office there shall
provide them with assistance.
Article 19
A lawyers association shall be established to protect the lawful rights
and interests of lawyers, to exchange work experience, to further the
progress of lawyers work and to promote contacts between legal workers
both at home and abroad.
The lawyers association is a social organization. It shall formulate its
own articles of association.

Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions

Article 20
The standards for the title of lawyer, the regulations on awards and
penalties for lawyers and the measures for the collection of service fees
shall be stipulated separately by the Ministry of Justice.
Article 21
These Regulations shall go into effect on January 1, 1982.



1980年8月26日